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Banking Glossary

Accrue

To accumulate between payments.  In consumer credit transactions, interest charges accrue, or accumulate, from the date one payment is due until the due date of the next payments.

Actual Balance

The current loan balance inclusive of any advance/additional payments.

Add on interest

The interest on a loan that is computered for the therm of the loan and added to the principal.

Amortisation Schedule

A table that shows the amount of each loan payment applied to principal and interest, and the remaining unpaid principal.

Annual Percentage Rate

The total cost of credit of a loan expressed as an annualised rate.  Consumer credit regulations set specific formulas for computing the Annual Percentage Rate.

Appraisal (or valuation)

A report prepared by an expert who estimates the current market value of the property.

ATM

An abbreviation for the Automatic Teller Machine.  ATMs allow you to withdraw money from your account, providing you have ATM access without having to go into a bank. 

Bankruptcy Act &Rules

Laws that govern legal proceedings of those who are no longer able to pay their debts.

Basis Points

A change in interest rates or yields expressed as 1/100th of 1 percent.

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BPAY

BPAY is a service via which Australians can pay their bills with 180 financial institutions.  Over half (58%) of BPAY payments are made over the internet.  Each month Australians make 8 million BPAY payments worth $4 billion.

Break Cost

The penalty fee charged when a borrower terminates a fixed rate loan contract before the expiry of the fixed rate period.

Capacity

An applicant’s financial ability to repay a loan according to a payment schedule.  It is determined by subtracting the applicant’s total expenses from total income.

Cash Flow

The amount of money available to a company of individual for spending after operating expenses are deducted from gross income.

Certificate of title

The evidence of ownership of real estates.  It describes the property and lists any charges against it.

Collection

The actions a lender takes to contact delinquent borrowers to establish the lenders firm position in dealing with delinquency.

Commercial Credit

The loan is usually for a business purpose.

Comparison Rate

The rate designed to reflect the total annual cost to a borrower of a loan, including interest payments & fees and expressed as one rate.

Construction Loan

A loan used for the purpose of construction a building.

Consumer Credit

The loan is usually for personal purposes.

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Consumer Credit code

Regulates the provision of credit for personal, domestic and household purposes and has been established under the Consumer Credit Acts of all States and Territories.

Contractual Balance/ Scheduled Loan Limit

The loan balance excluding any advance/additional payments – balance of home loan from date of draw down.

Cost of Funds

The price an organisation pays to have funds available to lend, including factors such as the amount of interest it pays on deposits and on funds it borrowers from investors.  The figure is an important consideration in setting interest rates for loans.

Counter offer

A proposal to grant credit on terms different from those requested by the applicant.

Credit Analysis

A determination of the risk inherent in making a loan or extending credit to a  particular person or business, including consideration of the applicant’s income, expenses, past use of credit, and general ability to manage financial affairs.

Credit Limit

The maximum allowable unpaid balance on open end credit, such as credit card or line of credit, or the amount of limit approved by way of overdraft.

Credit Policy

A written statement of the goals, guidelines, standards, and procedures a lender follows in determining who will receive credit and under what terms and conditions.

Credit Record

A history of an applicant’s ability and willingness to pay debts on time.

Credit Report

A confidential report prepared for lenders that provides factual data about an applicants financial condition and standing with creditors.

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Credit Reporting Agency

A company hired by a lender to prepare a report on an applicant’s credit history and creditworthiness.

Credit Scoring

A statistical formula used to evaluate and rate credit applicant’s.

Cross Selling

The process of offering additional services to a customer who already is using one or more services.

Current/Actual Balance

The balance of the loan including any extra funds paid into the loan.

Debt Consolidation

The borrowing of funds to pay off multiple and often over debts.  The borrower then owes only one creditor with loan payments usually extended over a longer period of time.

Default

The failure to pay a debit.

Delinquency

The failure to make a loan payment on time.

Disburse

To pay out money.

Discharge

The release of the customer’s property title once their loan has been paid to zero and discharge requested.

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Disposable Income

The amount of an individuals total monthly income that remains after all taxes have been paid.

EFTPOS

An Abbreviation for Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale.  EFTPOS allows you to purchase goods and services, and withdraw cash if the merchant agrees, using an ATM card. (See ‘ATM Cards’)

Equity

The difference between the amount of unpaid loan principle on a property and its current value.

Fixed Rate

An interest rate that is set for a predetermined period, such as one, two, three of five years.

Foreclosure

A legal procedure allowing a creditor to sell real estate property given as security on a defaulted mortgage loan.

Gross Monthly Income

The total dollar amount of a person’s income before taxes and other deductions.

Guarantor

One who takes responsibility for the debts and obligations of another.

Home Loan

It is secured by a mortgage over a residential property and is made up of principal and interest only payments from the borrower to the lender.

Instalment Reset

Adjustment of the minimum repayment required.

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Interest Interest is the amount a borrower pays to a lender for the use of the lenders money.  For example, if you borrow money from a bank in the form of a loan, the bank will charge you interest for the use of that money.  On the other hand, if you lend your money to a bank by opening a bank account or a term deposit, the bank pays you interest for depositing your money with them.
Interest debit date The day when interest is charged to the account.
Interest Only Loan (IO) Loan Repayments are based on only the interest charged each month i.e. there is no payment in reduction of the principal.
Interest Rate The amount charged by the lender for the use of a loan.  Is usually expressed as a percentage.
Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI) The insurance taken out over a home loan that protects the lender from risk of the borrowers default.
Liability Any savings or transaction account.
LOC Line of Credit
Loan Money lent that us repaid either in instalments or all at once, on agreed date(s), at an agreed rate of interest.
Loan Structure The process of choosing an appropriate credit facility and setting the loan terms and conditions.
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Loan Terms The loan amount,interest rate, and length of time granted for loan repayment.
Loan to value ratio (LVR) The proportion of the property’s value to the amount being borrowed.  Usually expressed as a percentage.
Master Limit This is the maximum amount of money you can borrow based on your income and equity.  It is pre-approved overall limit that will cover all your borrowing needs for up to 10 years.
Mortgage An interest in property.  Created as a security for a loan payment of a debt.
Mortgagee The lender who provides the money.
Mortgagor The borrower who offers the security.
Net Worth The dollar value of an individuals or business wealth after deducting all liabilities from all assets.
Redraw Extra funds deposited into a loan account that can be accessed by the borrower at any time.
Repayment period The time interval between the data a loan is funded and the date for the final loan payment.
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Repossession The act of claiming property or goods given as security on a loan when the borrower has defaulted.
Residential Address The address of the place where the customer actually lives.
Revolving line of credit A loan where pre-approved maximum credit limit is set and the draw down of principal amounts is flexible.
Sales comparison approach A real estate appraisal method that values a property based on the recent sales prices of comparable properties within the neighbourhood.  Also called the market data approach.
Scheduled limit/balance The contractual loan balance as at the last interest debit date.  It reduces on each interest debit date and does not include any extra funds paid into the loan.
Security Assets pledged by a borrower to a lender to secure a loan or line of credit.  These assets become the property of the lender of the borrower fails to repay the borrowed funds.
Spread The margin of differences between the cost of funds and the interest rate the lender charges the borrower.
Term The period between the commencement and termination of a debt or contract.
Transfer of title A change in ownership of property or other assets from one party to another.
Uncleared funds Any cheques that have been deposited into the loan that have not yet been cleared.
Variable/ Floating rate An interest rate that moves up and down with changes in the wholesale money market.
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